Leaching and surface runoff after fall application of fungicides on putting greens
نویسندگان
چکیده
Many greenkeepers and authorities are concerned about the environmental risks resulting from pesticide use on golf courses. We studied leaching surface runoff of fungicides metabolites for two winter seasons after fall application boscalid, pyraclostrobin, prothioconazole, trifloxystrobin, fludioxonil in field lysimeters at NIBIO Landvik, Norway. The applications were made creeping bentgrass greens (5% slope) that had been established seed or sod (26-mm mat) USGA-specification. root zones amended with Sphagnum peat garden compost, both 0.3–0.4% organic carbon zone. proportions precipitation recovered as drainage water varied 3 91% 2016–2017 to 33 55% 2017–2018 due differences soil freezing, rainfall intensity, snow ice cover. Detections their mostly within risk limits (ERLs) aquatic organisms. In contrast, concentrations exceeded ERLs by up 1,000 times. Greens usually higher fungicide losses but lower than seed. Presumably because microbial activity a pH prothioconazole-desthio more polar, metabolite containing compost peat. Leaching occurred even frozen greens. results discussed practical context aiming reduced spraying against turfgrass diseases.
منابع مشابه
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15 صفحه اولEstablishing and Trafficking New Bentgrass Putting Greens
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Agronomy Journal
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2690-9073', '2690-9138', '1072-9623', '1435-0645', '0095-9650', '2690-9162', '0002-1962']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20549